Diagnostic testing for hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia in low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of data for 994 185 individuals from 57 nationally representative surveys.

BACKGROUND: Testing for the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which include hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia, is important for timely and effective risk management. Yet few studies have quantified and analysed testing of cardiovascular risk factors in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with respect to sociodemographic inequalities. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, we pooled individual-level data for non-pregnant adults aged 18 years or older from nationally representative surveys done between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2019 in LMICs that included a question about whether respondents had ever had their blood pressure, glucose, or cholesterol measured. We analysed diagnostic testing performance by quantifying the overall proportion of people who had ever been tested for these cardiovascular risk factors and the proportion of individuals who met the diagnostic testing criteria in the WHO package of essential noncommunicable disease interventions for primary care (PEN) guidelines (ie, a BMI >30 kg/m2 or a BMI >25 kg/m2 among people aged 40 years or older). We disaggregated and compared diagnostic testing performance by sex, wealth quintile, and education using two-sided t tests and multivariable logistic regression models. FINDINGS: Our sample included data for 994 185 people from 57 surveys. 19·1% (95% CI 18·5-19·8) of the 943 259 people in the hypertension sample met the WHO PEN criteria for diagnostic testing, of whom 78·6% (77·8-79·2) were tested. 23·8% (23·4-24·3) of the 225 707 people in the diabetes sample met the WHO PEN criteria for diagnostic testing, of whom 44·9% (43·7-46·2) were tested. Finally, 27·4% (26·3-28·6) of the 250 573 people in the hypercholesterolaemia sample met the WHO PEN criteria for diagnostic testing, of whom 39·7% (37·1-2·4) were tested. Women were more likely than men to be tested for hypertension and diabetes, and people in higher wealth quintiles compared with those in the lowest wealth quintile were more likely to be tested for all three risk factors, as were people with at least secondary education compared with those with less than primary education. INTERPRETATION: Our study shows opportunities for health systems in LMICs to improve the targeting of diagnostic testing for cardiovascular risk factors and adherence to diagnostic testing guidelines. Risk-factor-based testing recommendations rather than sociodemographic characteristics should determine which individuals are tested. FUNDING: Harvard McLennan Family Fund, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the US National Institutes of Health.

[Hearing impairment in the population over 55 years of age and its relationship with chronic diseases and perceived health]. / Deficiencia auditiva en población mayor de 55 años y su relación con las enfermedades crónicas y la salud percibida.

OBJECTIVE: Hearing is one of the essential senses for communication and its loss can impact the functional status, quality of life, cognitive functions, and well-being of people. The study objectives were to project the absolute number of older adults with hearing impairment in Brazil; and to estimate the prevalence of acquired hearing impairment and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, and chronic diseases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil with data from individuals (fifty-five years or older) from the 2013 National Health Survey (n=15,393). Prevalence was estimated with confidence intervals of 95%; associations were verified using the chi-square test (Rao-Scott) with a significance level of 5%. To assess the relationship between hearing impairment and chronic diseases, Poisson regression was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of acquired hearing impairment was 3.8% (95% CI: 3.3-4.3); 73.7% reported limitations in their usual activities and 7.8% (95% CI: 5.3-11.3) attended a rehabilitation service. It was higher in men (4.7%; p<0.05), in those aged seventy-five years or older (9.8%; p<0.01), without a spouse/partner (4.8%; p<0.01), and in those with less education (4.7%; p<0.01). Also, hearing impairment was greater in those with heart disease (OR=1.62), lung disease/COPD (OR=2.63), arthritis/rheumatism (OR= 2.10), depression lung disease/COPD (OR=1.60), and in those who self-assessed their health as worse (OR=2.08). CONCLUSIONS: There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of acquired hearing impairment according to sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, and health self-assessment.

OBJETIVO: La audición es uno de los sentidos esenciales para la comunicación y su pérdida puede impactar en el estado funcional, la calidad de vida, las funciones cognitivas y el bienestar de las personas. Los objetivos del estudio fueron proyectar el número absoluto de adultos mayores con deficiencia auditiva en Brasil, así como estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva adquirida y su asociación con características sociodemográficas, la autoevaluación de la salud y enfermedades crónicas. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal en Brasil con datos de individuos (edad igual o mayor de cincuenta y cinco años) obtenidos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2013 (n=15.393). Se estimaron las prevalencias con intervalos de confianza del 95%; las asociaciones se verificaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado (Rao-Scott), con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Para evaluar la relación entre la deficiencia auditiva y las enfermedades crónicas se utilizó la regresión de Poisson. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva adquirida fue del 3,8% (IC95%:3,3-4,3); el 73,7% refirió limitación en sus actividades habituales y el 7,8% (IC95%:5,3-11,3) frecuentó algún servicio de rehabilitación. Fue mayor en los hombres (4,7%; p<0,05), en aquellos con edad igual o mayor de setenta y cinco años (9,8%; p<0,01), sin cónyuge/pareja (4,8%; p<0,01), y en aquellos con menor escolaridad (4,7%; p<0,01). También, la deficiencia auditiva fue mayor en individuos con enfermedades cardíacas (OR=1,62), enfermedad pulmonar/EPOC (OR=2,63), artritis/reumatismo (OR=2,10), depresión (OR=1,60) y en los que autoevaluaron com peor salud (OR=2,08). CONCLUSIONES: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva adquirida según perfil sociodemográfico, enfermedades crónicas y autoevaluación de la salud.

Deficiencia auditiva en población mayor de 55 años y su relación con las enfermedades crónicas y la salud percibida / Hearing impairment in the population over 55 years of age and its relationship with chronic diseases and perceived health

Fundamentos: La audición es uno de los sentidos esenciales para la comunicación y su pérdida puede impactar en el estadofuncional, la calidad de vida, las funciones cognitivas y el bienestar de las personas. Los objetivos del estudio fueron proyectar el nú-mero absoluto de adultos mayores con deficiencia auditiva en Brasil, así como estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva adquiriday su asociación con características sociodemográficas, la autoevaluación de la salud y enfermedades crónicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en Brasil con datos de individuos (edad igual o mayor de cincuenta y cinco años)obtenidos de laEncuesta Nacional de Salud 2013 (n=15.393). Se estimaron las prevalencias con intervalos de confianza del 95%; lasasociaciones se verificaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado (Rao-Scott), con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Para evaluar larelación entre la deficiencia auditiva y las enfermedades crónicas se utilizó la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva adquirida fue del 3,8% (IC95%:3,3-4,3); el 73,7% refirió limitación en sus acti-vidades habituales y el 7,8% (IC95%:5,3-11,3) frecuentó algún servicio de rehabilitación. Fue mayor en los hombres (4,7%; p<0,05), enaquellos con edad igual o mayor de setenta y cinco años (9,8%; p<0,01), sin cónyuge/pareja (4,8%; p<0,01), y en aquellos con menor es-colaridad (4,7%; p<0,01). También, la deficiencia auditiva fue mayor en individuos con enfermedades cardíacas (OR=1,62), enfermedadpulmonar/EPOC (OR=2,63), artritis/reumatismo (OR=2,10), depresión (OR=1,60) y en los que autoevaluaron com peor salud (OR=2,08). Conclusiones: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva adquiridasegún perfil sociodemográfico, enfermedades crónicas y autoevaluación de la salud.(AU)

Background: Hearing is one of the essential senses for communication and its loss can impact the functional status, quality oflife, cognitive functions, and well-being of people. The study objectives were to project the absolute number of older adults with hea-ring impairment in Brazil; and to estimate the prevalence of acquired hearing impairment and its association with sociodemographiccharacteristics, self-rated health, and chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil with data from individuals (fifty-five years or older) from the2013 NationalHealth Survey (n=15,393). Prevalence was estimated with confidence intervals of 95%; associations were verified using the chi-squaretest (Rao-Scott) with a significance level of 5%. To assess the relationship between hearing impairment and chronic diseases, Poissonregression was used. Results: The prevalence of acquired hearing impairment was 3.8% (95% CI: 3.3-4.3); 73.7% reported limitations in their usualactivities and 7.8% (95% CI: 5.3-11.3) attended a rehabilitation service. It was higher in men (4.7%; p<0.05), in those aged seventy-fiveyears or older (9.8%; p<0.01), without a spouse/partner (4.8%; p< 0.01), and in those with less education (4.7%; p<0.01). Also, hearingimpairment was greater in those with heart disease (OR=1.62), lung disease/COPD (OR=2.63), arthritis/rheumatism (OR= 2.10), depres-sion lung disease/COPD (OR=1.60), and in those who self-assessed their health as worse (OR=2.08). Conclusions: There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of acquired hearing impairment according tosociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, and health self-assessment.(AU)

Ocorrência simultânea de uso abusivo de álcool e alimentação não saudável em adultos

Objetivo Estimar a prevalência da coocorrência do uso abusivo de álcool e alimentação não saudável em adultos brasileiros e verificar sua relação com o consumo alimentar, segundo o sexo. Métodos Estudo com dados do inquérito telefônico Vigitel, 2016. Considerou-se uso abusivo de álcool: ingestão ≥5 doses/homens e ≥4/mulheres em uma única ocasião, pelo menos uma vez no último mês. Alimentação não saudável foi caracterizada a partir de um indicador composto por oito alimentos. Foram usados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Wald, com nível de significância de 5%, e razões de chances ajustadas com regressão logística. Resultados A coocorrência dos fatores de risco (24,7% vs. 10,0%) foi superior nos homens, nos indivíduos com melhor escolaridade, sem cônjuge, com plano de saúde, nas mulheres que se declararam pretas, e foi menor nos adultos (40-59 anos) e idosos. A coocorrência associou-se com menores chances de consumo de hortaliças cruas e cozidas, frutas, suco, leite e frango (≥5 dias/semana), e com maiores chances de consumo de carne vermelha, refrigerante (≥3 dias/semana) e carnes com excesso de gordura. Conclusão Os resultados mostram os prejuízos da coocorrência do uso excessivo de álcool e alimentação inadequada sobre os padrões alimentares da população adulta.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of co-occurrence of alcohol abuse and unhealthy eating in Brazilian adults and to verify its relationship with food intake, according to sex. Methods Study with data from Vigitel telephone survey, 2016. Alcohol abuse was considered as: ingestion ≥5 doses/men and ≥4 doses/women on a single occasion, at least once in the last month. Unhealthy eating was characterized from an indicator consisting of eight foods. Pearson's chi-square and Wald tests were used, with a 5% significance level, and adjusted odds ratios with logistic regression. Results The co-occurrence of risk factors (24.7% vs. 10.0%) was higher in men, in individuals with better education, without a spouse, with health insurance, in women who declared themselves black, and was lower in adults (40-59 years) and the elderly. The co-occurrence was associated with lower odds of consumption of raw and cooked vegetables, fruits, juice, milk, and chicken (≥5 days/week) and with higher odds of consumption of red meat, soda (≥3 days/week), and meats with excess fat. Conclusion The results show the harms of the co-occurrence of excessive alcohol use and inadequate diet on the dietary patterns of the adult population.

Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de la coocurrencia de abuso de alcohol y alimentación no saludable en adultos brasileños y verificar su relación con el consumo de alimentos según el sexo. Métodos Estudio con datos de la encuesta telefónica Vigitel, 2016. Se consideró abuso de alcohol: ingestión ≥5 dosis para hombres y ≥4 para mujeres en una única ocasión, al menos una vez en el último mes. La alimentación poco saludable se caracterizó a partir de un indicador compuesto por ocho alimentos. Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y de Wfeld, con un nivel de significación del 5% y las odds ratio (OR) ajustadas con regresión logística. Resultados La coocurrencia de factores de riesgo (24,7% vs. 10,0%) fue mayor en los hombres, en los individuos con mayor educación, sin cónyuge, con seguro médico y en las mujeres que se declararon negras, y fue menor en los adultos (40-59 años) y los ancianos. La coocurrencia se asoció con menores probabilidades de consumo de verduras crudas y cocidas, frutas, zumos, leche y pollo (≥5 días/semana) y con mayores probabilidades de consumo de carne roja, refrescos (≥3 días/semana) y carnes con exceso de grasa. Conclusión Los resultados muestran el daño de la coexistencia del consumo excesivo de alcohol y la dieta inadecuada en los patrones dietéticos de la población adulta.

Social distancing, feeling of sadness and lifestyles of the Brazilian population during the COVID-19 pandemic / Distanciamento social, sentimento de tristeza e estilos de vida da população brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had biopsychosocial impacts on individual and collective health. The aim of the study was to analyze adherence to social distance, the repercussions on mood and changes in the lifestyles of the Brazilian adult population during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study with adult individuals living in Brazil (n = 45,161) who participated in the virtual health survey ConVid - Behavior Survey, from April 24 to May 24, 2020. Data collection was performed via web, using a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence and 95% confidence interval of the studied variables were calculated. Of the sample studied, only 1.5% led normal lives, without any social restrictions and 75% stayed at home, of which 15% stayed strictly at home. The frequent feelings of sadness or depression (35.5%), isolation (41.2%) and anxiety (41.3%) were reported by a large part of the studied population. It was found that 17% of participants reported increased consumption of alcoholic beverages and 34% of smokers increased the number of cigarettes. There was an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods and a reduction in the practice of physical activity in the period studied. It was concluded that there was a high adherence to social distance and an increase in feelings of sadness, depression and anxiety, as well as an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods, use of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes and a reduction in the practice of physical activity. These changes are worrying and can result in damage to individual and collective health in the medium and long term.

A pandemia de COVID-19 acarretou impactos biopsicossociais à saúde individual e coletiva. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a adesão ao distanciamento social, as repercussões no estado de ânimo e mudanças nos estilos de vida da população adulta brasileira durante o início da pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de estudo transversal com indivíduos adultos residentes no Brasil (n = 45.161) que participaram do inquérito de saúde virtual ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, no período de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020. A coleta de dados foi realizada via web, utilizando-se de um questionário autopreenchido. Foram calculadas as prevalências e intervalo de 95% de confiança das variáveis estudadas. Da amostra estudada, apenas 1,5% levou vida normal, sem nenhuma restrição social e 75% ficaram em casa, sendo que destes 15% ficaram rigorosamente em casa. Os sentimentos frequentes de tristeza ou depressão (35,5%), isolamento (41,2%) e ansiedade (41,3%) foram reportados por grande parte da população estudada. Verificou-se 17% dos participantes reportaram aumento do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de 34% dos fumantes aumentaram o número de cigarros. Observou-se aumento no consumo de alimentos não saudáveis e redução da prática de atividade física no período estudado. Conclui-se que houve elevada adesão ao distanciamento social e aumento dos sentimentos de tristeza, depressão e ansiedade, bem como aumento de consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, uso de bebidas alcóolicas e cigarros e redução da prática de atividade física. Essas mudanças são preocupantes e podem resultar em danos à saúde individual e coletiva a médio e longo prazo.  

Diferenças no consumo de alimentos entre homens e mulheres entrevistados pelo inquérito telefônico VIGITEL / Differences in food consumption between men and women interviewed by VIGITEL telephone survey / Diferencias del consumo de alimentos entre hombres y mujeres entrevistados por la encuesta telefónica VIGITEL

Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saudável e não saudável entre homens e mulheres adultos e os fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos associados. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, com dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel). Foram incluídos 1.005 adultos (400 homens e 605 mulheres), de 20 a 59 anos, residentes em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, entrevistados entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2014. As variáveis do estudo foram o consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saudável e não saudável e variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Na análise de dados, utilizou-se análise bivariada por meio do teste de qui-quadrado (Rao-Scott) e teste de tendência linear. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 37,9 anos para mulheres e 36,3 anos para os homens, dos quais 50,9% (n=605) eram mulheres, 60,0% (n=455) eram adultos jovens, de 20 a 39 anos, e de raça/cor preta ou parda (69,7%; n= 569). Maior consumo regular de frutas e hortaliças foi observado entre mulheres (p=0,01), entre aquelas de maior escolaridade e da raça/cor branca, e maior consumo de feijão foi observado entre os homens (p=0,04). O consumo de carnes com excesso de gordura foi maior entre os homens (p<0,01), assim como o consumo regular de doces (p=0,02) e a substituição das refeições principais por lanches foi maior entre as mulheres (p=0,01), ambos diretamente associados à escolaridade. Conclusão: Verificaram-se diferenças importantes no consumo de alimentos entre homens e mulheres residentes em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. A escolaridade e a raça/cor foram variáveis que se associaram à maioria dos marcadores de consumo alimentar.

Objective: To analyze the frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy diet markers among adult men and women and the associated demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study with data from the Telephone-based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel). A total of 1,005 adults (400 men and 605 women) aged 20 to 59 years living in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, were interviewed between February and December 2014. The study variables were the consumption of healthy and unhealthy diet markers, and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Data underwent bivariate analysis using the chi-squared test (Rao-Scott) and linear trend test. Results: Participants' mean age was 37.9 years for women and 36.3 years for men. In all, 50.9% (n=605) of the participants were women, 60.0% (n=455) were young adults aged 20 to 39 years, and black or parda ethnicity (69.7%; n= 569). Higher regular consumption of fruit and vegetables was observed among women (p=0.01), among those with higher levels of education and white ethnicity, and higher consumption of beans was found among men (p=0.04). The consumption of meat with excess fat was higher among men (p <0.01), and the regular consumption of sweets (p=0.02) and replacement of meals with snacks (p = 0.01) were higher among women, both directly associated with education. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed in food consumption between men and women living in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Education and ethnicity/skin color were variables that were associated with most of the food consumption markers.

Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia del consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saludable y no saludable entre hombres y mujeres adultos y los factores demográficos y socioeconómicos asociados. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, de base poblacional con datos del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles a través de encuesta telefónica (Vigitel). Fueron incluidos 1.005 adultos (400 hombres e 605 mujeres), entre 20 y 59 años que vivían en Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, entrevistados entre febrero y diciembre de 2014. Las variables del estudio fueron el consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saludable y no saludable y las variables demográficas y socioeconómicas. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis bivariado a través de la prueba Chi-cuadrado (Rao-Scott) y la prueba de tendencia linear. Resultados: La media de edad de los participantes fue de 37,9 años para las mujeres y de 36,3 años para los hombres de los cuales el 50,9% (n=605) eran mujeres, el 60,0% (n=455) eran adultos jóvenes entre 20 y 39 años y de raza/color negro o parda (69,7%; n= 569). Fue observado mayor consumo regular de frutas y hortalizas entre las mujeres (p=0,01) con más escolaridad y de la raza/color blanco y más consumo de frijoles entre los hombres (p=0,04). El consumo de carnes con mucha grasa fue mayor entre los hombres (p<0,01) así como el consumo regular de dulces (p=0,02) y la sustitución de las comidas principales por meriendas fue mayor entre las mujeres (p=0,01), los dos directamente asociados con la escolaridad. Conclusión: Se verificaron diferencias importantes en el consumo de alimentos entre los hombres y mujeres residentes de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. La escolaridad y la raza/color fueron las variables que se asociaron con la mayoría de los marcadores de consumo alimentario.

Availability of food stores and consumption of fruit, legumes and vegetables in a Brazilian urban area.

BACKGROUND: The food environment can have an important influence on the availability of and access to food, which plays a significant role in the health of individuals. The goal of this study was to compare the consumption of fruits, legumes and vegetables (FLV) by adults and the availability of food stores in the context of socioeconomic and geographic space connected to basic health units in a Brazilian capital city. METHODS: The study was developed from information obtained through the Risk Factors Surveillance for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL), using samples from Belo Horizonte from the years 2008 to 2010. A total of 5611 records were geocoded based on the postal code. A score was created based on the weekly and daily frequency of FLV intake of individuals. The coverage area of basic health units was used as a neighborhood unit. Georeferenced data on food stores in the city and neighborhood income were used. RESULTS: As neighborhood income increased, there was an increase in the distribution of food establishments for all of the studied categories. The highest FLV intake scores were observed in areas with higher income levels. CONCLUSION: The highest concentration of food stores, regardless of supply quality, was observed in geographic areas with higher purchasing power and in those where there was a greater concentration of other types of businesses and services, a different pattern from that found in other countries.

Antecedentes: El ambiente alimentar puede tener una influencia importante en la disponibilidad y el acceso a ellos, éste desempeña un papel importante en la salud de las poblaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el consumo de frutas, legumbres y hortalizas (FLV) de adultos y la disponibilidad de las tiendas de alimentos en el contexto del espacio socioeconómico y geográfico en el territorio de las unidades básicas de salud en una capital brasileña. Métodos: El estudio se desarrolló a partir de la información obtenida a través de la Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo para Enfermedades no Transmisibles Prevención de Encuesta Telefónica (VIGITEL), utilizando muestras de la ciudad de Belo Horizonte en los años de 2008 a 2010. Un total de 5.611 registros fueron geo-codificados usando el código postal. Una puntuación fue creada en base a la frecuencia semanal y diario del consumo de FLV . El área de las unidades básicas de salud se utilizó como unidad vecinal. Se utilizaron los datos geo-referenciados de los comercios de venta de comida en la ciudad y el barrio. Resultados: A medida que aumentaba la renta del barrio, hubo un aumento en la distribución de los establecimientos de comida e bebidas para todas las categorías estudiadas. Se observaron las puntuaciones más altas de consumo FLV en zonas con niveles de ingresos más altos. Conclusión: La mayor concentración de tiendas de alimentos e bebidas e mayor puntuación de consumo, independientemente da calidad de los productos ofrecidos, fue observado en las áreas geográficas con mayor poder adquisitivo.

Prevalência e distribuição regional de fatores derisco para doenças crônicas não (de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no) transmissíveis / Prevalence and regional distribution of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases

Este artigo mostra prevalências de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não (factores de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no) transmissíveis, obtidos pelo (obtenidos por el) VIGITEL (sistema de monitoramento de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis por entrevista telefônica) em 2010. Foram entrevistados 54 339 adultos residentes em casas com linha telefônica fixa das capitais(con línea de teléfono fijo de las capitales) de estado brasileiros e do Distrito Federal. Investigou-se tabagismo; excesso de peso, obesidade; baixo (bajo) consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras; insuficiente atividade física no tempo livre (en el tiempo libre), sedentarismo, consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas, segundo sexo (según el sexo), idade e escolaridade. Observaram-se altas prevalências de IAFTL, e baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (> 80%), seguidos do excesso de peso (quase 50%), consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas (quase 20%), tabagismo, obesidade e sedentarismo (em torno de 15%). Aregião de moradia (La región del domicilio) (classificada conforme Produto Interno Bruto per capita) foi determinante para tabagismo (menor razão no Nordeste) e baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (maior razão no [mayor razón en el] Nordeste) em ambos os sexos, para consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas em homens e (en los varones y) sedentarismo em mulheres. Discute-se a importância do monitoramento (de la monitorización) dos fatores de risco para apoio a políticas públicas e a implantação de programas de promoção à saúde...